What Are Complex Numbers and Why Do Engineers Use Them?

What Are Complex Numbers and Why Do Engineers Use Them? Complex numbers can appear abstract when they are first encountered. After all, how can the square root of a negative number represent anything useful in the real world? For engineers, complex numbers are not merely a mathematical curiosity. They provide an efficient way to represent […]

Pascal’s Law Explained: How Hydraulic Systems Multiply Force

Pascal’s Law Explained: How Hydraulic Systems Multiply Force How can a relatively small force applied to a brake pedal, jack handle or hydraulic control move a much heavier load? The answer is Pascal’s law. When pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the resulting pressure change is transmitted throughout the fluid. If that pressure acts […]

What Is a Fluid? Liquids, Gases and Shear Stress Explained

What Is a Fluid? Liquids, Gases and Shear Stress Explained Water clearly flows, and air moves around an aircraft or through a ventilation duct. But what about substances such as honey, grease or tar that move extremely slowly? Are they still fluids? In engineering, a fluid is a substance that continuously deforms while subjected to […]